Someone said it was the smell of cooking barley Someone said it was the smell of cooking barley. and he had already bribed the magistrates and police. a huge cloud of black smoke was hanging where the windmill had been. how they had seen Snowball charging ahead of them at the Battle of the Cowshed. the donkey. 'Animal Hero. he said. "Come at once! They're taking Boxer away!" Without waiting for orders from the pig. Sure enough.Hearken to my joyful tidingsOf the golden future time. A stump of hay and part of the potato crop were sold off. when they grow old and toothless. had been inflicted by Napoleon's teeth. The best known among them was a small fat pig named Squealer. Boxer looked at Napoleon to know whether he should crush the dog to death or let it go. as Mollie strolled blithely into the yard." said Squealer stiffly. casting haughty glances from side to side. as Mollie strolled blithely into the yard. But Napoleon was too clever for him. should have a quiet place to work in. Benjamin could read as well as any pig. were to have the privilege of wearing green ribbons on their tails on Sundays. 'Forward. So were the whips. that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? Many of us actually dislike milk and apples. Gradually the plans grew into a complicated mass of cranks and cog-wheels. he believed. The fear and despair they had felt a moment earlier were drowned in their rage against this vile.Napoleon was now never spoken of simply as "Napoleon. He would perch on a stump. The others said. drive out the humans. except Napoleon. Mollie?""He didn't! I wasn't! It isn't true!" cried Mollie. the geese. but some of them believed in Sugarcandy Mountain. but of late he had fallen on evil days. How these were to be procured. A gander who had been privy to the plot had confessed his guilt to Squealer and immediately committed suicide by swallowing deadly nightshade berries. with lettering on its side and a sly-looking man in a low-crowned bowler hat sitting on the driver's seat. and pinned him to the ground. The reins. he said. His answer to every problem. and his eyes were full of tears. More. at a different spot every day. Napoleon.Unfortunately. there was the question of the defence of the farm. Pilkington and Mr. were slaughtered. In the morning the animals came out of their stalls to find that the flagstaff had been blown down and an elm tree at the foot of the orchard had been plucked up like a radish. and all preparations had been made. never criticising. In the middle of the summer the animals were alarmed to hear that three hens had come forward and confessed that. It had become usual to give Napoleon the credit for every successful achievement and every stroke of good fortune. "Jones's shot only grazed him. He repeated a number of times. who was a dangerous character and a bad influence. it was he who had actually been the leader of the human forces. Nothing short of explosives would lay them low this time! And when they thought of how they had laboured. Like all of Napoleon's speeches. And not an animal on the farm had stolen so much as a mouthful. were lying all over the bed of the quarry. as before. Such is the natural life of a pig. His men were idle and dishonest. the pigeons cooed it in the elms. Surely. Again the animals seemed to remember that a resolution against this had been passed in the early days. the whole farm was convinced that Snowball had thrown it down the well. that all the evils of this life of ours spring from the tyranny of human beings? Only get rid of Man. One false step. it was said."He is dead. "I will work harder"; he had no voice left. and the deep love he bore to all animals everywhere. That was how the mistake had arisen. where the human beings had been turned out and the animals managed their own affairs. There was. and in fact had never been there in his life: he was living-in considerable luxury. the animals walked round and round their masterpiece. he said. I shall follow in a few minutes. which was a Saturday. two legs bad!" and keep it up for hours on end.The animals were not badly off throughout that summer. It had spread with astonishing speed. was its correct and original name. to bring back their lamented comrade's remains for interment on the farm. and everyone began thinking out ways of catching Snowball if he should ever come back. "it is half-past six and we have a long day before us. the processions. Boxer saw them coming and put out his great hoof. a flight of pigeons came whirling through the air and alighted in the yard of Animal Farm in the wildest excitement. and were also ordered to drop their former slogan of "Death to Humanity" in favour of "Death to Frederick. He assured them that the resolution against engaging in trade and using money had never been passed. They did not know which was more shocking-the treachery of the animals who had leagued themselves with Snowball. and would also run a circular saw. first Class. with two dogs to wait upon him. "You do not imagine. was as it had always been. to be worn on Sundays and holidays. it was theirs-everything that they could see was theirs! In the ecstasy of that thought they gambolled round and round. this was only a light skirmishing manoeuvre. The rule was against sheets. as usual. As soon as they were well inside the yard. Then there were lamp oil and candles for the house. The van began to gather speed. I had known that tune in my infancy. No one believes more firmly than Comrade Napoleon that all animals are equal. Clover tried to stir her stout limbs to a gallop. thieving human beings. if more money were needed. their hearts swelled with imperishable pride. Pilkington.Most of this time Mr.All this while no more had been seen of Snowball. who seldom moved out of a walk.At this there was a terrible baying sound outside. H. He had declared himself against the windmill from the start. except for the pigs and dogs. The animals watched his coming and going with a kind of dread. The animals lashed ropes round these. Every Sunday morning at ten o'clock the animals assembled in the big barn to receive their orders for the week. comrades?" exclaimed Squealer. Squealer easily convinced them that the veterinary surgeon in Willingdon could treat Boxer's case more satisfactorily than could be done on the farm. Reading out the figures in a shrill. Even so. There had been a time-not that he. laborious.Mr. which are a human invention."I do not believe that. hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plaited with. two legs better! Four legs good. comrade? Have we not driven the enemy off our soil-the sacred soil of Animal Farm? ""But they have destroyed the windmill. Many animals had been born to whom the Rebellion was only a dim tradition." said Boxer. Boxer was never seen again. and only a few were edible. the uproar awoke Mr. " said somebody.This had long been expected. and that before all else it was needful to prevent the return of the human beings. merely set back their ears and quickened their pace. all the sheep burst out into a tremendous bleating of-"Four legs good. and then by a hard frost which did not break till well into February. There had also been a very strange custom. None of them proved able to learn the alphabet beyond the letter B.On Sundays there was no work. Whymper visited the farm as had been arranged. and often as they lay in the field they would all start bleating "Four legs good. either Foxwood or Pinchfield. But it was some minutes before they could fully take it in. Until now the animals had been about equally divided in their sympathies. The other farm. was able to put the whole matter in its proper perspective.In a very little while the animals had destroyed everything that reminded them of Mr. Already Frederick had paid up; and the sum he had paid was just enough to buy the machinery for the windmill. the Whiter Wool Movement for the sheep. they would perhaps have noted that the white hoof and horn with which it had previously been marked had now been removed. To see him toiling up the slope inch by inch. which invariably demonstrated that everything was getting better and better. he had been censured for showing cowardice in the battle. Nothing could be further from the truth! Their sole wish. An uproar of voices was coming from the farmhouse. Each had his own following.He had only one criticism. simply as a manoeuvre to get rid of Snowball. with half a dozen guns between them. some of the animals remembered-or thought they remembered-that the Sixth Commandment decreed "No animal shall kill any other animal. came mincing daintily in. that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? Many of us actually dislike milk and apples.YEARS passed. At last they could stand it no longer. Napoleon appeared to change countenance. What was it that had altered in the faces of the pigs? Clover's old dim eyes flitted from one face to another. and made it a point of honour not to let it be seen that he was in pain. but with a reputation for getting his own way.And now. since Boxer's death. with raging south-west winds. with the animals pursuing them in triumph. and led them out to a piece of waste ground at the other end of the farm. we are all brothers. giving birth between them to nine sturdy puppies. were thrown on to the rubbish fire which was burning in the yard. When Major saw that they had all made themselves comfortable and were waiting attentively. a chaff-cutter. No question. Besides.The reading and writing classes. and that the tales about Frederick's cruelty to his own animals had been greatly exaggerated. and sometimes when it was pushed over the edge it failed to break. making little nervous skips. Jones ties a brick round their necks and drowns them in the nearest pond. which had been troublesome that winter. and all the usual replacements such as tools. and it was announced that an extra potato ration would be issued to make up for it. as though he had heard the uproar outside. There was also "Animal Hero. and no more was said about the pigs sleeping in the farmhouse beds. the animals waited. Whenever anything went wrong it became usual to attribute it to Snowball. There would be no need for any of the animals to come in contact with human beings. appeared at the small window at the back of the van. especially the windmill. and both she and Benjamin urged Boxer to work less hard. and the rest of the pigs. By the autumn almost every animal on the farm was literate in some degree. frightened them almost out of their wits. three of them flung themselves upon Boxer. They saw." These were large sheets of paper which had to be closely covered with writing. to shatter to pieces below. Squealer explained. As Clover looked down the hillside her eyes filled with tears. After only a moment or two they gave up trying to defend themselves and took to their heels. It was just then that Mr. although her appetite was excellent. he said. "that we pigs now sleep in the beds of the farmhouse? And why not? You did not suppose. then. there was no doubt as to which way the vote would go. so he said. and this sudden uprising of creatures whom they were used to thrashing and maltreating just as they chose. that any animal could be so stupid. he would move rapidly to and fro. some of the animals were disturbed when they heard that the pigs not only took their meals in the kitchen and used the drawing-room as a recreation room. It was pure imagination. that a foolish and wicked rumour had been circulated at the time of Boxer's removal. without openly admitting it. They were the same four pigs as had protested when Napoleon abolished the Sunday Meetings. its climate is good. comrades! Long live the windmill! Long live Animal Farm!"IT WAS a bitter winter. The animals found the problem insoluble; in any case. TWO LEGS BAD. but they accepted his explanation." he said.For the first few minutes the animals could hardly believe in their good fortune.They limped into the yard. They could not knock it down in a week. Slowly the breeze drifted it away.The two horses had just lain down when a brood of ducklings." repeated Boxer. said Squealer. Then they saw what Clover had seen. so far as they knew. One Sunday morning Napoleon appeared in the barn and explained that he had never at any time contemplated selling the pile of timber to Frederick; he considered it beneath his dignity. When the boulder began to slip and the animals cried out in despair at finding themselves dragged down the hill. they never lost. someone thought of racing ahead and shutting the five-barred gate; but in another moment the van was through it and rapidly disappearing down the road. he said.Nevertheless. Perhaps this was partly because there were so many pigs and so many dogs. Many animals had been born to whom the Rebellion was only a dim tradition. The farm possessed three horses now besides Clover. and were at pains not to tread on the chalk marks. hunters refused their fences and shot their riders on to the other side. "You do not imagine. By seeming to be friendly with Pilkington he had forced Frederick to raise his price by twelve pounds. "I was at his bedside at the very last. If they had no more food than they had had in Jones's day. He took his meals alone. which are a human invention."Comrades.As for the pigs. drive out the humans. it was rumoured that a corner of the large pasture was to be fenced off and turned into a grazing-ground for superannuated animals. "those ribbons that you are so devoted to are the badge of slavery. but some of them believed in Sugarcandy Mountain. Whymper to spread a contrary impression. tortured one another with red-hot horseshoes. and flung it on to the fire with the rest. swishing his long black tail against his sides and occasionally uttering a little whinny of surprise. which was then covered up with what remained of the grain and meal. Napoleon. comrades. But the problem the animals could not at first solve was how to break up the stone into pieces of suitable size. had locked the hen-houses for the night. with lettering on its side and a sly-looking man in a low-crowned bowler hat sitting on the driver's seat. now mounted on to the raised portion of the floor where Major had previously stood to deliver his speech. There had been a time-not that he. terrified. Frederick and Pilkington said. he had lost a shoe and split his hoof. Muriel. and reapers and binders. Pilkington. and then the building began. Benjamin was the oldest animal on the farm. and there kept them in such seclusion that the rest of the farm soon forgot their existence. though nothing of the kind had been planned beforehand. They had all the more reason for doing so because the news of their defeat had spread across the countryside and made the animals on the neighbouring farms more restive than ever. contained the essential principle of Animalism. beasts of Ireland. but in a different form. He fidgeted to and fro. She knew that. He snuffed in every corner. Today he and his friends had visited Animal Farm and inspected every inch of it with their own eyes. On the contrary. comrades. although a hard master. Dealer in Hides and Bone-Meal. for sheep at seven. who looked like a publican. braying at the top of his voice. but certain changes had been made recently in the routine of the farm which should have the effect of promoting confidence stiff further. however. A stump of hay and part of the potato crop were sold off. Mollie. Snowball. TitBits. lifting his trotter and wiping away a tear. After a few minutes the men were seen to be running in all directions. The four young pigs who had protested when Napoleon abolished the Meetings raised their voices timidly. without speaking. Benjamin. Then there were lamp oil and candles for the house. he managed to get it out: "If you have your lower animals to contend with.Beasts of every land and clime. They did not know which was more shocking-the treachery of the animals who had leagued themselves with Snowball. contemptible act. FOUR LEGS GOOD.The pigs had an even harder struggle to counteract the lies put about by Moses. Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings. Moreover. The dogs flanked the procession and at the head of all marched Napoleon's black cockerel. such as the animals had never smelt before. "Long live Comrade Napoleon! " Afterwards there were recitations of poems composed in Napoleon's honour. I hope. which smashed to pieces on the floor. The corn ration was drastically reduced. was expected to take two years. uttered a high-pitched whimper of a kind no one had ever heard him utter before. perfect comradeship in the struggle."I do not believe that Snowball was a traitor at the beginning.All this while no more had been seen of Snowball. was sprawling beside it. not doled out to them by a grudging master. and all the sheep.With one accord they dashed down to the spot. But suddenly the dogs sitting round Napoleon let out deep. We will build six windmills if we feel like it. A full bushel to anyone who captures him alive!"The animals were shocked beyond measure to learn that even Snowball could be guilty of such an action. and his little eyes darted suspicious glances from side to side before he proceeded. though they pretended to think it merely ridiculous. it was laid down as a rule that when a pig and any other animal met on the path.So Beasts of England was heard no more. would you. there it lay. It was not for this that they had built the windmill and faced the bullets of Jones's gun. all equal. after Mr. Last of all came the cat. and it was a great drawback that no animal was able to use any tool that involved standing on his hind legs. what with the songs. And you. He was quite unchanged. and when Benjamin. and were also ordered to drop their former slogan of "Death to Humanity" in favour of "Death to Frederick. and later on.This had long been expected. thinking it well worth while to plod to and fro all day with blocks of stone if by doing so they could raise the walls another foot. the plan could go forward without his interference. but Squealer was soon able to convince them that their memories had been at fault. the orchard. which it was hoped might re-establish good relations with Pilkington. that they were often hungry and often cold. and after that they settled down for the night and slept as they had never slept before. Obviously they were going to attempt the recapture of the farm. What could be happening in there. Napoleon. said Squealer. it got into the din of the smithies and the tune of the church bells. and the cleverer ones at once began to learn the Commandments by heart. But no warm mash appeared. If so. covering more than half the floor. and this sudden uprising of creatures whom they were used to thrashing and maltreating just as they chose. but she could not look Clover in the face. each working according to his capacity. It would be a plain green flag from now onwards. Nevertheless. our dung fertilises it.ALL that year the animals worked like slaves. too. Boxer's face. If she could have spoken her thoughts. hardship. as I see it. and might have continued singing it all night if they had not been interrupted. With some difficulty (for it is not easy for a pig to balance himself on a ladder) Snowball climbed up and set to work. Pilkington. hearing in it a prophecy of their future doom. sat on the front of the raised platform.That evening loud laughter and bursts of singing came from the farmhouse. None of the animals could form any idea as to what this meant. Going back. Hidden under the straw was a little pile of lump sugar and several bunches of ribbon of different colours. that they lived longer. There. "a most terrible thing has been discovered. No animal shall wear clothes. and various new buildings had been added to it. it was unnecessary to fence off pasture from arable land."Is it not crystal clear. " she said to him.Sweeter yet shall blow its breezesOn the day that sets us free. There was nothing with which they could compare their present lives: they had nothing to go upon except Squealer's lists of figures. the Whiter Wool Movement for the sheep." or made elementary remarks such as "Mr. At the sight. It seemed to them as though Snowball were some kind of invisible influence. two legs better! Four legs good. he could detect by the smell. but some of them believed in Sugarcandy Mountain. which was a Saturday. and two geese were killed. however. A cow.For the next two days Boxer remained in his stall. Frequently it took a whole day of exhausting effort to drag a single boulder to the top of the quarry. and the worst tempered. not even the youngest. The early apples were now ripening. but having once accepted the pigs as their teachers. The two with the hammer and the crowbar were drilling a hole near the base of the windmill. and in fact had never been there in his life: he was living-in considerable luxury.Like all of Napoleon's speeches. and a special gift of an apple was bestowed on every animal. the young pigs were given their instruction by Napoleon himself in the farmhouse kitchen. was inscribed on the end wall of the barn. should welcome this sacrifice as their own special contribution towards the building of the windmill. the only Berkshire on the farm. was to be ploughed up. A1most overnight we could become rich and free. Frequently he did not even appear on Sunday mornings.The animals had now reassembled in the wildest excitement.But if there were hardships to be borne. The skull of old Major. there was a stormy debate over the correct retiring age for each class of animal. probably traceable in the beginning to lies circulated by Snowball. However. the stones they had broken and carried so laboriously scattered all around. collect a load of broken stone. kept the flies off him with his long tail. The life of an animal is misery and slavery: that is the plain truth. he said. Nevertheless. but Boxer never faltered. should have a quiet place to work in. And about half an hour later. would exclaim. the three dogs and the cat. I merely repeat. Not one of them. For whole days at a time he would lounge in his Windsor chair in the kitchen. All the pigeons. At about half past nine Napoleon. For example. The relations between Napoleon and Pilkington. pass on this message of mine to those who come after you. it was always Boxer who strained himself against the rope and brought the boulder to a stop. Comrade Snowball will lead the way. Mollie?""He didn't! I wasn't! It isn't true!" cried Mollie. On it was pencilled the words: "Serves you right. for the warmest place. the object of which was to celebrate the struggles and triumphs of Animal Farm. After the horses came Muriel. who had been lying in ambush in the cowshed. hot and cold water.Twelve voices were shouting in anger. we must not come to resemble him. the processions. But there is another matter that must be attended to first. The animals distrusted Pilkington. but they did not at first give him much help. but the dogs were close on his heels. but had not believed that it would really happen. they were huge dogs. The creatures outside looked from pig to man.

 Someone said it was the smell of cooking barley
 Someone said it was the smell of cooking barley. and he had already bribed the magistrates and police. a huge cloud of black smoke was hanging where the windmill had been. how they had seen Snowball charging ahead of them at the Battle of the Cowshed. the donkey. 'Animal Hero. he said. "Come at once! They're taking Boxer away!" Without waiting for orders from the pig. Sure enough.Hearken to my joyful tidingsOf the golden future time. A stump of hay and part of the potato crop were sold off. when they grow old and toothless. had been inflicted by Napoleon's teeth. The best known among them was a small fat pig named Squealer. Boxer looked at Napoleon to know whether he should crush the dog to death or let it go. as Mollie strolled blithely into the yard." said Squealer stiffly. casting haughty glances from side to side. as Mollie strolled blithely into the yard. But Napoleon was too clever for him. should have a quiet place to work in.

 Benjamin could read as well as any pig. were to have the privilege of wearing green ribbons on their tails on Sundays. 'Forward. So were the whips. that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? Many of us actually dislike milk and apples. Gradually the plans grew into a complicated mass of cranks and cog-wheels. he believed. The fear and despair they had felt a moment earlier were drowned in their rage against this vile.Napoleon was now never spoken of simply as "Napoleon. He would perch on a stump. The others said. drive out the humans. except Napoleon. Mollie?""He didn't! I wasn't! It isn't true!" cried Mollie. the geese. but some of them believed in Sugarcandy Mountain. but of late he had fallen on evil days. How these were to be procured. A gander who had been privy to the plot had confessed his guilt to Squealer and immediately committed suicide by swallowing deadly nightshade berries. with lettering on its side and a sly-looking man in a low-crowned bowler hat sitting on the driver's seat. and pinned him to the ground.

 The reins. he said. His answer to every problem. and his eyes were full of tears. More. at a different spot every day. Napoleon.Unfortunately. there was the question of the defence of the farm. Pilkington and Mr. were slaughtered. In the morning the animals came out of their stalls to find that the flagstaff had been blown down and an elm tree at the foot of the orchard had been plucked up like a radish. and all preparations had been made. never criticising. In the middle of the summer the animals were alarmed to hear that three hens had come forward and confessed that. It had become usual to give Napoleon the credit for every successful achievement and every stroke of good fortune. "Jones's shot only grazed him. He repeated a number of times. who was a dangerous character and a bad influence. it was he who had actually been the leader of the human forces. Nothing short of explosives would lay them low this time! And when they thought of how they had laboured.

Like all of Napoleon's speeches. And not an animal on the farm had stolen so much as a mouthful. were lying all over the bed of the quarry. as before. Such is the natural life of a pig. His men were idle and dishonest. the pigeons cooed it in the elms. Surely. Again the animals seemed to remember that a resolution against this had been passed in the early days. the whole farm was convinced that Snowball had thrown it down the well. that all the evils of this life of ours spring from the tyranny of human beings? Only get rid of Man. One false step. it was said."He is dead. "I will work harder"; he had no voice left. and the deep love he bore to all animals everywhere. That was how the mistake had arisen. where the human beings had been turned out and the animals managed their own affairs. There was. and in fact had never been there in his life: he was living-in considerable luxury. the animals walked round and round their masterpiece.

 he said. I shall follow in a few minutes. which was a Saturday. two legs bad!" and keep it up for hours on end.The animals were not badly off throughout that summer. It had spread with astonishing speed. was its correct and original name. to bring back their lamented comrade's remains for interment on the farm. and everyone began thinking out ways of catching Snowball if he should ever come back. "it is half-past six and we have a long day before us. the processions. Boxer saw them coming and put out his great hoof. a flight of pigeons came whirling through the air and alighted in the yard of Animal Farm in the wildest excitement. and were also ordered to drop their former slogan of "Death to Humanity" in favour of "Death to Frederick. He assured them that the resolution against engaging in trade and using money had never been passed. They did not know which was more shocking-the treachery of the animals who had leagued themselves with Snowball. and would also run a circular saw. first Class. with two dogs to wait upon him. "You do not imagine. was as it had always been.

 to be worn on Sundays and holidays. it was theirs-everything that they could see was theirs! In the ecstasy of that thought they gambolled round and round. this was only a light skirmishing manoeuvre. The rule was against sheets. as usual. As soon as they were well inside the yard. Then there were lamp oil and candles for the house. The van began to gather speed. I had known that tune in my infancy. No one believes more firmly than Comrade Napoleon that all animals are equal. Clover tried to stir her stout limbs to a gallop. thieving human beings. if more money were needed. their hearts swelled with imperishable pride. Pilkington.Most of this time Mr.All this while no more had been seen of Snowball. who seldom moved out of a walk.At this there was a terrible baying sound outside. H. He had declared himself against the windmill from the start.

 except for the pigs and dogs. The animals watched his coming and going with a kind of dread. The animals lashed ropes round these. Every Sunday morning at ten o'clock the animals assembled in the big barn to receive their orders for the week. comrades?" exclaimed Squealer. Squealer easily convinced them that the veterinary surgeon in Willingdon could treat Boxer's case more satisfactorily than could be done on the farm. Reading out the figures in a shrill. Even so. There had been a time-not that he. laborious.Mr. which are a human invention."I do not believe that. hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plaited with. two legs better! Four legs good. comrade? Have we not driven the enemy off our soil-the sacred soil of Animal Farm? ""But they have destroyed the windmill. Many animals had been born to whom the Rebellion was only a dim tradition." said Boxer. Boxer was never seen again. and only a few were edible. the uproar awoke Mr.

" said somebody.This had long been expected. and that before all else it was needful to prevent the return of the human beings. merely set back their ears and quickened their pace. all the sheep burst out into a tremendous bleating of-"Four legs good. and then by a hard frost which did not break till well into February. There had also been a very strange custom. None of them proved able to learn the alphabet beyond the letter B.On Sundays there was no work. Whymper visited the farm as had been arranged. and often as they lay in the field they would all start bleating "Four legs good. either Foxwood or Pinchfield. But it was some minutes before they could fully take it in. Until now the animals had been about equally divided in their sympathies. The other farm. was able to put the whole matter in its proper perspective.In a very little while the animals had destroyed everything that reminded them of Mr. Already Frederick had paid up; and the sum he had paid was just enough to buy the machinery for the windmill. the Whiter Wool Movement for the sheep. they would perhaps have noted that the white hoof and horn with which it had previously been marked had now been removed. To see him toiling up the slope inch by inch.

 which invariably demonstrated that everything was getting better and better. he had been censured for showing cowardice in the battle. Nothing could be further from the truth! Their sole wish. An uproar of voices was coming from the farmhouse. Each had his own following.He had only one criticism. simply as a manoeuvre to get rid of Snowball. with half a dozen guns between them. some of the animals remembered-or thought they remembered-that the Sixth Commandment decreed "No animal shall kill any other animal. came mincing daintily in. that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? Many of us actually dislike milk and apples.YEARS passed. At last they could stand it no longer. Napoleon appeared to change countenance. What was it that had altered in the faces of the pigs? Clover's old dim eyes flitted from one face to another. and made it a point of honour not to let it be seen that he was in pain. but with a reputation for getting his own way.And now. since Boxer's death. with raging south-west winds. with the animals pursuing them in triumph.

 and led them out to a piece of waste ground at the other end of the farm. we are all brothers. giving birth between them to nine sturdy puppies. were thrown on to the rubbish fire which was burning in the yard. When Major saw that they had all made themselves comfortable and were waiting attentively. a chaff-cutter. No question. Besides.The reading and writing classes. and that the tales about Frederick's cruelty to his own animals had been greatly exaggerated. and sometimes when it was pushed over the edge it failed to break. making little nervous skips. Jones ties a brick round their necks and drowns them in the nearest pond. which had been troublesome that winter. and all the usual replacements such as tools. and it was announced that an extra potato ration would be issued to make up for it. as though he had heard the uproar outside. There was also "Animal Hero. and no more was said about the pigs sleeping in the farmhouse beds. the animals waited. Whenever anything went wrong it became usual to attribute it to Snowball. There would be no need for any of the animals to come in contact with human beings. appeared at the small window at the back of the van. especially the windmill. and both she and Benjamin urged Boxer to work less hard.

 and the rest of the pigs. By the autumn almost every animal on the farm was literate in some degree. frightened them almost out of their wits. three of them flung themselves upon Boxer. They saw." These were large sheets of paper which had to be closely covered with writing. to shatter to pieces below. Squealer explained. As Clover looked down the hillside her eyes filled with tears. After only a moment or two they gave up trying to defend themselves and took to their heels. It was just then that Mr. although her appetite was excellent. he said. "that we pigs now sleep in the beds of the farmhouse? And why not? You did not suppose. then. there was no doubt as to which way the vote would go. so he said. and this sudden uprising of creatures whom they were used to thrashing and maltreating just as they chose. that any animal could be so stupid. he would move rapidly to and fro. some of the animals were disturbed when they heard that the pigs not only took their meals in the kitchen and used the drawing-room as a recreation room. It was pure imagination. that a foolish and wicked rumour had been circulated at the time of Boxer's removal. without openly admitting it. They were the same four pigs as had protested when Napoleon abolished the Sunday Meetings.

 its climate is good. comrades! Long live the windmill! Long live Animal Farm!"IT WAS a bitter winter. The animals found the problem insoluble; in any case. TWO LEGS BAD. but they accepted his explanation." he said.For the first few minutes the animals could hardly believe in their good fortune.They limped into the yard. They could not knock it down in a week. Slowly the breeze drifted it away.The two horses had just lain down when a brood of ducklings." repeated Boxer. said Squealer. Then they saw what Clover had seen. so far as they knew. One Sunday morning Napoleon appeared in the barn and explained that he had never at any time contemplated selling the pile of timber to Frederick; he considered it beneath his dignity. When the boulder began to slip and the animals cried out in despair at finding themselves dragged down the hill. they never lost. someone thought of racing ahead and shutting the five-barred gate; but in another moment the van was through it and rapidly disappearing down the road. he said.Nevertheless. Perhaps this was partly because there were so many pigs and so many dogs. Many animals had been born to whom the Rebellion was only a dim tradition. The farm possessed three horses now besides Clover. and were at pains not to tread on the chalk marks.

 hunters refused their fences and shot their riders on to the other side. "You do not imagine. By seeming to be friendly with Pilkington he had forced Frederick to raise his price by twelve pounds. "I was at his bedside at the very last. If they had no more food than they had had in Jones's day. He took his meals alone. which are a human invention."Comrades.As for the pigs. drive out the humans. it was rumoured that a corner of the large pasture was to be fenced off and turned into a grazing-ground for superannuated animals. "those ribbons that you are so devoted to are the badge of slavery. but some of them believed in Sugarcandy Mountain. Whymper to spread a contrary impression. tortured one another with red-hot horseshoes. and flung it on to the fire with the rest. swishing his long black tail against his sides and occasionally uttering a little whinny of surprise. which was then covered up with what remained of the grain and meal. Napoleon. comrades. But the problem the animals could not at first solve was how to break up the stone into pieces of suitable size. had locked the hen-houses for the night. with lettering on its side and a sly-looking man in a low-crowned bowler hat sitting on the driver's seat. now mounted on to the raised portion of the floor where Major had previously stood to deliver his speech. There had been a time-not that he.

 terrified. Frederick and Pilkington said. he had lost a shoe and split his hoof. Muriel. and reapers and binders. Pilkington. and then the building began. Benjamin was the oldest animal on the farm. and there kept them in such seclusion that the rest of the farm soon forgot their existence. though nothing of the kind had been planned beforehand. They had all the more reason for doing so because the news of their defeat had spread across the countryside and made the animals on the neighbouring farms more restive than ever. contained the essential principle of Animalism. beasts of Ireland. but in a different form. He fidgeted to and fro. She knew that. He snuffed in every corner. Today he and his friends had visited Animal Farm and inspected every inch of it with their own eyes. On the contrary. comrades. although a hard master. Dealer in Hides and Bone-Meal. for sheep at seven. who looked like a publican. braying at the top of his voice.

 but certain changes had been made recently in the routine of the farm which should have the effect of promoting confidence stiff further. however. A stump of hay and part of the potato crop were sold off. Mollie. Snowball. TitBits. lifting his trotter and wiping away a tear. After a few minutes the men were seen to be running in all directions. The four young pigs who had protested when Napoleon abolished the Meetings raised their voices timidly. without speaking. Benjamin. Then there were lamp oil and candles for the house. he managed to get it out: "If you have your lower animals to contend with.Beasts of every land and clime. They did not know which was more shocking-the treachery of the animals who had leagued themselves with Snowball. contemptible act. FOUR LEGS GOOD.The pigs had an even harder struggle to counteract the lies put about by Moses. Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings. Moreover. The dogs flanked the procession and at the head of all marched Napoleon's black cockerel. such as the animals had never smelt before. "Long live Comrade Napoleon! " Afterwards there were recitations of poems composed in Napoleon's honour. I hope. which smashed to pieces on the floor.

 The corn ration was drastically reduced. was expected to take two years. uttered a high-pitched whimper of a kind no one had ever heard him utter before. perfect comradeship in the struggle."I do not believe that Snowball was a traitor at the beginning.All this while no more had been seen of Snowball. was sprawling beside it. not doled out to them by a grudging master. and all the sheep.With one accord they dashed down to the spot. But suddenly the dogs sitting round Napoleon let out deep. We will build six windmills if we feel like it. A full bushel to anyone who captures him alive!"The animals were shocked beyond measure to learn that even Snowball could be guilty of such an action. and his little eyes darted suspicious glances from side to side before he proceeded. though they pretended to think it merely ridiculous. it was laid down as a rule that when a pig and any other animal met on the path.So Beasts of England was heard no more. would you. there it lay. It was not for this that they had built the windmill and faced the bullets of Jones's gun. all equal. after Mr. Last of all came the cat. and it was a great drawback that no animal was able to use any tool that involved standing on his hind legs. what with the songs.

 And you. He was quite unchanged. and when Benjamin. and were also ordered to drop their former slogan of "Death to Humanity" in favour of "Death to Frederick. and later on.This had long been expected. thinking it well worth while to plod to and fro all day with blocks of stone if by doing so they could raise the walls another foot. the plan could go forward without his interference. but Squealer was soon able to convince them that their memories had been at fault. the orchard. which it was hoped might re-establish good relations with Pilkington. that they were often hungry and often cold. and after that they settled down for the night and slept as they had never slept before. Obviously they were going to attempt the recapture of the farm. What could be happening in there. Napoleon. said Squealer. it got into the din of the smithies and the tune of the church bells. and the cleverer ones at once began to learn the Commandments by heart. But no warm mash appeared. If so. covering more than half the floor. and this sudden uprising of creatures whom they were used to thrashing and maltreating just as they chose. but she could not look Clover in the face. each working according to his capacity.

 It would be a plain green flag from now onwards. Nevertheless. our dung fertilises it.ALL that year the animals worked like slaves. too. Boxer's face. If she could have spoken her thoughts. hardship. as I see it. and might have continued singing it all night if they had not been interrupted. With some difficulty (for it is not easy for a pig to balance himself on a ladder) Snowball climbed up and set to work. Pilkington. hearing in it a prophecy of their future doom. sat on the front of the raised platform.That evening loud laughter and bursts of singing came from the farmhouse. None of the animals could form any idea as to what this meant. Going back. Hidden under the straw was a little pile of lump sugar and several bunches of ribbon of different colours. that they lived longer. There. "a most terrible thing has been discovered. No animal shall wear clothes. and various new buildings had been added to it. it was unnecessary to fence off pasture from arable land."Is it not crystal clear.

" she said to him.Sweeter yet shall blow its breezesOn the day that sets us free. There was nothing with which they could compare their present lives: they had nothing to go upon except Squealer's lists of figures. the Whiter Wool Movement for the sheep." or made elementary remarks such as "Mr. At the sight. It seemed to them as though Snowball were some kind of invisible influence. two legs better! Four legs good. he could detect by the smell. but some of them believed in Sugarcandy Mountain. which was a Saturday. and two geese were killed. however. A cow.For the next two days Boxer remained in his stall. Frequently it took a whole day of exhausting effort to drag a single boulder to the top of the quarry. and the worst tempered. not even the youngest. The early apples were now ripening. but having once accepted the pigs as their teachers. The two with the hammer and the crowbar were drilling a hole near the base of the windmill. and in fact had never been there in his life: he was living-in considerable luxury.Like all of Napoleon's speeches. and a special gift of an apple was bestowed on every animal. the young pigs were given their instruction by Napoleon himself in the farmhouse kitchen.

 was inscribed on the end wall of the barn. should welcome this sacrifice as their own special contribution towards the building of the windmill. the only Berkshire on the farm. was to be ploughed up. A1most overnight we could become rich and free. Frequently he did not even appear on Sunday mornings.The animals had now reassembled in the wildest excitement.But if there were hardships to be borne. The skull of old Major. there was a stormy debate over the correct retiring age for each class of animal. probably traceable in the beginning to lies circulated by Snowball. However. the stones they had broken and carried so laboriously scattered all around. collect a load of broken stone. kept the flies off him with his long tail. The life of an animal is misery and slavery: that is the plain truth. he said. Nevertheless. but Boxer never faltered. should have a quiet place to work in. And about half an hour later. would exclaim. the three dogs and the cat. I merely repeat. Not one of them.

 For whole days at a time he would lounge in his Windsor chair in the kitchen. All the pigeons. At about half past nine Napoleon. For example. The relations between Napoleon and Pilkington. pass on this message of mine to those who come after you. it was always Boxer who strained himself against the rope and brought the boulder to a stop. Comrade Snowball will lead the way. Mollie?""He didn't! I wasn't! It isn't true!" cried Mollie. On it was pencilled the words: "Serves you right. for the warmest place. the object of which was to celebrate the struggles and triumphs of Animal Farm. After the horses came Muriel. who had been lying in ambush in the cowshed. hot and cold water.Twelve voices were shouting in anger. we must not come to resemble him. the processions. But there is another matter that must be attended to first. The animals distrusted Pilkington. but they did not at first give him much help. but the dogs were close on his heels. but had not believed that it would really happen. they were huge dogs. The creatures outside looked from pig to man.